1. Definition and composition of hysteroscopy

Hysteroscope is a minimally invasive gynecological diagnosis and treatment device used to directly observe the internal structure of the uterine cavity and perform precise manipulation. Its core components include:

Optical system: high-definition camera and light source to provide real-time magnified images.

Instrument access: a channel with a diameter of about 3-5mm, which can be used to insert micro-surgical instruments (such as scissors, electrocoagulators, biopsy forceps, etc.).

Dilated uterine system: The uterine cavity is dilated by injecting fluid, such as saline, to improve visual clarity.

Operating system: The doctor controls the lens and instruments through the handle, which is operated in conjunction with the monitor.

Second, the working principle

The hysteroscope introduces a cold light source into the uterine cavity and uses optical fiber to transmit images to the display, allowing the doctor to zoom in on areas such as the endometrium, cervical canal, and fallopian tube opening. Combined with ultrasound or laparoscopic assistance, the diagnostic accuracy can be further improved. During the treatment, incision, electrocoagulation and other operations are carried out through the instrument channel to achieve minimally invasive intervention.

3. Clinical application - main types of surgery

The following are common application scenarios for hysteroscopy:

Endometrial polypectomy

Indications: Endometrial polyps cause abnormal bleeding, infertility or recurrent miscarriage.

Procedure: Locate and remove polyps under direct hysteroscopy, with small wounds, less bleeding and fast postoperative recovery.

Uterine submucosal myomectomy

Indications: Fibroids protrude into the uterine cavity, affecting menstruation or reproductive function.

Procedure: Hysteroscopic resection of fibroids to preserve uterine integrity, especially for young patients.

Intrauterine adhesion dissection

Indications: Intrauterine adhesions caused by abortion or infection, causing amenorrhea and infertility.

Procedure: Mechanical separation of adhesions, postoperative stent placement may be required to prevent recurrence.

Hysterectomy

Indications: Congenital uterine mediastinal malformation, resulting in recurrent miscarriage or heavy menstrual bleeding.

Procedure: Hysteroscopic excision of the mediastinum to restore the normal uterine cavity morphology.

Tubal uncessation

Indications: Infertility caused by proximal tubal obstruction.

Procedure: Hysteroscopic catheter insertion to unblock the fallopian tubes, or combined with laparoscopy to deal with distal adhesions.

Treatment of cervical canal lesions

Indications: Cervical polyps, erosions or early cancer screening.

Procedure: Biopsy or electroresection of diseased tissue, which has both diagnostic and therapeutic functions.

Other applications

Removal of intrauterine foreign bodies (such as residual contraceptive rings), removal of pregnancy residues, biopsy of endometrial cancer lesions, etc.

Fourth, the advantages and applicable groups

Key Benefits:

✅ Minimally invasive and painless: the incision is only a few millimeters, the postoperative pain is light, and no general anesthesia is required.

✅ Rapid recovery: Most patients are discharged from the hospital 2-3 days after surgery, and the menstrual cycle can recover quickly.

✅ Precise diagnosis and treatment: avoid blind curettage and reduce the risk of endometrial injury.

Suitable for:

Symptomatic uterine bleeding (e.g., prolonged, irregular bleeding).

Infertility patients should be screened for uterine cavity and fallopian tube lesions.

Endometrial lesions (polyps, hyperplasia, precancerous lesions).

Correction of congenital uterine malformations.

Fifth, the development trend

Technological innovation: miniaturized hysteroscope (<3mm diameter) to improve comfort; 4K ultra-high-definition imaging technology improves diagnostic yields.

Combination therapy: hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy (e.g., hysteroscopic combined surgery) for complex cases.

Single-use equipment: reduce the risk of infection and promote outpatient care.

6. Precautions

Preoperative preparation: 3-7 days after menstruation is clean, complete blood routine and coagulation function test.

Post-operative care: abstain from sexual life and bathing for 2 weeks to prevent infection; Monitor bleeding.

Risk of complications: Mild abdominal pain, bleeding (controllable), rare perforation or infection, and indications need to be strictly controlled.

With its minimally invasive and efficient characteristics, hysteroscopy has become an important tool for the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological diseases, which has significantly improved the quality of life and birth prognosis of patients.

 

1. Definition and composition of hysteroscopy

Hysteroscope is a minimally invasive gynecological diagnosis and treatment device used to directly observe the internal structure of the uterine cavity and perform precise manipulation. Its core components include:

Optical system: high-definition camera and light source to provide real-time magnified images.

Instrument access: a channel with a diameter of about 3-5mm, which can be used to insert micro-surgical instruments (such as scissors, electrocoagulators, biopsy forceps, etc.).

Dilated uterine system: The uterine cavity is dilated by injecting fluid, such as saline, to improve visual clarity.

Operating system: The doctor controls the lens and instruments through the handle, which is operated in conjunction with the monitor.

Second, the working principle

The hysteroscope introduces a cold light source into the uterine cavity and uses optical fiber to transmit images to the display, allowing the doctor to zoom in on areas such as the endometrium, cervical canal, and fallopian tube opening. Combined with ultrasound or laparoscopic assistance, the diagnostic accuracy can be further improved. During the treatment, incision, electrocoagulation and other operations are carried out through the instrument channel to achieve minimally invasive intervention.

3. Clinical application - main types of surgery

The following are common application scenarios for hysteroscopy:

Endometrial polypectomy

Indications: Endometrial polyps cause abnormal bleeding, infertility or recurrent miscarriage.

Procedure: Locate and remove polyps under direct hysteroscopy, with small wounds, less bleeding and fast postoperative recovery.

Uterine submucosal myomectomy

Indications: Fibroids protrude into the uterine cavity, affecting menstruation or reproductive function.

Procedure: Hysteroscopic resection of fibroids to preserve uterine integrity, especially for young patients.

Intrauterine adhesion dissection

Indications: Intrauterine adhesions caused by abortion or infection, causing amenorrhea and infertility.

Procedure: Mechanical separation of adhesions, postoperative stent placement may be required to prevent recurrence.

Hysterectomy

Indications: Congenital uterine mediastinal malformation, resulting in recurrent miscarriage or heavy menstrual bleeding.

Procedure: Hysteroscopic excision of the mediastinum to restore the normal uterine cavity morphology.

Tubal uncessation

Indications: Infertility caused by proximal tubal obstruction.

Procedure: Hysteroscopic catheter insertion to unblock the fallopian tubes, or combined with laparoscopy to deal with distal adhesions.

Treatment of cervical canal lesions

Indications: Cervical polyps, erosions or early cancer screening.

Procedure: Biopsy or electroresection of diseased tissue, which has both diagnostic and therapeutic functions.

Other applications

Removal of intrauterine foreign bodies (such as residual contraceptive rings), removal of pregnancy residues, biopsy of endometrial cancer lesions, etc.

Fourth, the advantages and applicable groups

Key Benefits:

✅ Minimally invasive and painless: the incision is only a few millimeters, the postoperative pain is light, and no general anesthesia is required.

✅ Rapid recovery: Most patients are discharged from the hospital 2-3 days after surgery, and the menstrual cycle can recover quickly.

✅ Precise diagnosis and treatment: avoid blind curettage and reduce the risk of endometrial injury.

Suitable for:

Symptomatic uterine bleeding (e.g., prolonged, irregular bleeding).

Infertility patients should be screened for uterine cavity and fallopian tube lesions.

Endometrial lesions (polyps, hyperplasia, precancerous lesions).

Correction of congenital uterine malformations.

Fifth, the development trend

Technological innovation: miniaturized hysteroscope (<3mm diameter) to improve comfort; 4K ultra-high-definition imaging technology improves diagnostic yields.

Combination therapy: hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopy (e.g., hysteroscopic combined surgery) for complex cases.

Single-use equipment: reduce the risk of infection and promote outpatient care.

6. Precautions

Preoperative preparation: 3-7 days after menstruation is clean, complete blood routine and coagulation function test.

Post-operative care: abstain from sexual life and bathing for 2 weeks to prevent infection; Monitor bleeding.

Risk of complications: Mild abdominal pain, bleeding (controllable), rare perforation or infection, and indications need to be strictly controlled.

With its minimally invasive and efficient characteristics, hysteroscopy has become an important tool for the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological diseases, which has significantly improved the quality of life and birth prognosis of patients.